Artéria subclávia direita aberrante: relato de caso e revisão de literatura / Aberrant right subclavian artery: case report and literature review

Resumo A artéria subclávia direita aberrante, também conhecida como artéria lusória, é a anomalia do arco aórtico mais comum, ocorrendo entre 0,5 e 1% da população. Possui prevalência em mulheres e normalmente está associada a outras variações anatômicas, como o nervo laríngeo não recorrente, presente em 86,7% dos casos. Em sua maioria, a artéria subclávia direita aberrante não apresenta sintomas. Descrevemos essa alteração em uma paciente de 82 anos, hipertensa e assintomática, que havia sido submetida a uma angiotomografia toracoabdominal para a avaliação de uma dissecção crônica tipo III (DeBakey) associada à dilatação de aorta descendente. No achado, a artéria subclávia direita aberrante apresentava percurso retroesofágico associado a um divertículo de Kommerell. Devido à raridade, realizamos revisão bibliográfica integrativa das bases de dados MEDLINE, UpToDate, LILACS, SciELO e Portal CAPES dos últimos 6 anos e discutimos as alterações anatômicas mais frequentes, a sintomatologia e as condutas terapêuticas adotadas.

Abstract The aberrant right subclavian artery, also known as the arteria lusoria, is the most common aortic arch anomaly, occurring in 0.5 to 1% of the population. There is a higher prevalence in women and it is usually associated with other anatomical variations, such as the non-recurrent laryngeal nerve, present in 86.7% of cases. In the majority of cases, the aberrant right subclavian artery causes no symptoms. We describe this anomaly in an 82-year-old, hypertensive, and asymptomatic patient who had undergone a thoracoabdominal angiography to investigate a chronic DeBakey type III aortic dissection with dilation of the descending aorta. The aberrant right subclavian artery followed a retroesophageal course and was associated with a Kommerell diverticulum. In view of its rarity, we conducted an integrative bibliographic review of literature from the last 6 years indexed on the Medline, UpToDate, Lilacs, Scielo, and Portal Capes databases and discuss the most frequent anatomical changes, symptomatology, and therapeutic management adopted.

Symptomatic aberrant right subclavian artery—A case report and anesthetic implications

Vascular compression of the esophagus by an aberrant right subclavian artery (aRSA) leading to dysphagia is a rare occurrence. There has been a significant advancement in the diagnostic and surgical treatment modalities available for this disorder. Anesthetic management has evolved too and this case report highlights the anesthetic management of a 41?year?old woman presenting with symptoms of dysphagia because of compression of esophagus by an aRSA, who subsequently underwent re?implantation of aRSA into ascending aorta.

Arteria subclavia derecha aberrante: a propósito de un caso pediátrico / Aberrant right subclavia artery: purpose of a pediatric case

Los anillos vasculares son anomalías anatómicas que ocurren durante el desarrollo embrionario del arco aórtico, sus ramas y de la arteria pulmonar. Estas estructuras vasculares pueden conducir a grados variables de sintomatología respiratoria y/o digestiva debido a la formación de un anillo completo o parcial que comprime la tráquea y/o el esófago. La arteria subclavia derecha aberrante es la anomalía más común del arco aórtico, con una incidencia reportada entre 0.5 a 2.5%. Generalmente es asintomática, sin embargo, la disfagia es el síntoma más frecuente porque en la mayoría de los casos transcurre detrás del esófago. El diagnóstico puede ser incidental en casos asintomáticos o como resultado del estudio de síntomas digestivos y/o respiratorios persistentes o recurrentes. Los pacientes sintomáticos requieren intervención quirúrgica. Describimos el caso de una paciente de 3 meses de edad con arteria subclavia derecha aberrante. El esofagograma mostró compresión extrínseca del esófago, y la angiotomografía computada confirmó el diagnóstico. La corrección quirúrgica se realizó exitosamente.

Vascular rings are anatomical abnormalities that occur during embryonic development of the aortic arch, its branches, and the pulmonary artery. These vascular structures can lead to variable degrees of respiratory and/or digestive symptoms by forming a complete or partial ring compressing the trachea and/or the esophagus. The aberrant right subclavian artery is the most common aortic arch anomaly, with reported incidence between 0.5 to 2.5%. It is generally asymptomatic; however, dysphagia is the most recognized symptom because in majority of the cases it crosses behind the esophagus. The diagnosis can be incidental when they are asymptomatic or as a result of the study of persistent or recurrent digestive and/or respiratory symptoms. Symptomatic patients require surgical intervention. We describe the case of a 3-month-old female patient with aberrant right subclavian artery. The barium esophagram showed extrinsic compression of the esophagus, and the computed tomography angiography confirmed the diagnosis. Surgical correction was successfully performed.

Prenatal Diagnosis of Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery: Association with Genetic Abnormalities / Diagnóstico pré-natal de artéria subclávia direita anômala: associação com anormalidades genéticas

Abstract Objective The objective of the present study was to determine the frequency of malformations and chromosomal abnormalities in a population of fetuses with an aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA). Methods This is a 6-year retrospective study of fetuses with a prenatal diagnosis of ARSA conducted during the period between September 2013 and June 2019 at a fetal medicine unit. Data were collected from ultrasound, fetal echocardiograms, genetic studies, and neonatal records. Results An ARSA was diagnosed in 22 fetuses. An ARSA was an isolated finding in 18 out of 22 cases (82%). Associated abnormal sonographic findings were found in 4 cases. All cases underwent invasive testing. In 1 of the cases, a chromosomal abnormality was detected (mos 45,X [13]/46,X,e(X) (p22.1q22.1)). No cases of congenital heart disease were found in any of these fetuses. There were two cases in which the postnatal evaluation revealed amalformation: one case of hypospadias and 1 case of cleft palate. Conclusion The presence of an isolated ARSA is benign and is not associated with chromosomal abnormalities. The finding of ARSA, however, warrants a detailed fetal ultrasound in order to exclude major fetal abnormalities and other soft markers.

Resumo Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a frequência demalformaçães e anomalias cromossômicas em uma população de fetos com artéria subclávia direita aberrante (ARSA). Métodos Este é um estudo retrospectivo de 6 anos de fetos com diagnóstico prénatal de ARSA realizado durante o período de setembro de 2013 a junho de 2019 em uma unidade de medicina fetal. Os dados foram coletados de ultrassom, ecocardiograma fetal, estudos genéticos e registros neonatais. Resultados Um ARSA foi diagnosticado em 22 fetos. Um ARSA foi um achado isolado em 18 dos 22 casos (82%). Achados ultrassonográficos anormais associados foram encontrados em 4 casos. Todos os casos foram submetidos a testes invasivos. Em um dos casos, foi detectada uma anormalidade cromossômica (mos 45, X [13] / 46, X, e (X) (p22.1q22.1)). Nenhum caso de doença cardíaca congênita foi encontrado em qualquer um desses fetos. Houve dois casos em que a avaliação pós-natal revelou a malformação: um caso de hipospádia e 1 caso de fenda palatina. Conclusão A presença de ARSA isolado é benigna e não está associada a anormalidades cromossômicas. O achado de ARSA, no entanto, justifica uma ultrassonografia fetal detalhada para excluir anormalidades fetais importantes e outros marcadores leves.

Arteria subclavia derecha aberrante aislada. Reporte de un caso / Isolated aberrant right subclavian artery. A case report

Resumen La arteria subclavia derecha aberrante (ARSA) es la anomalía del arco aórtico más común. La probabilidad de hallar un ARSA durante un estudio ecográfico es de alrededor de 1%. En aquellos fetos con ARSA, la probabilidad de tener otros hallazgos cardiacos y/o extracardiacos o una anomalía cromosómica es elevada. La prevalencia de la relación del ARSA con el síndrome de Down es de aproximadamente 20%, por lo que este marcador puede contribuir al asesoramiento del síndrome de Down en el segundo trimestre y probablemente en el primer trimestre. La recomendación ante el hallazgo de ARSA es realizar un estudio detallado de la anatomía fetal en busca de otros marcadores de aneuploidías y realizar ecocardiografía fetal. La realización de estudios invasivos quedará limitado a aquellas situaciones en donde además del ARSA se encuentren otros marcadores u otras condiciones que aumenten el riesgo de síndrome de Down. Sin embargo, ante el hallazgo de ARSA aislado, el incremento en el riesgo es igual a cero, pudiendo considerarse una variante de la normalidad.

Abstract An aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) is the most common branch abnormality of the aortic arch. It can be identified by ultrasound scan in 1% of cases. The probability of association with cardiac and/or extracardiac anomalies, as well as chromosomal abnormality, is high. Prevalence of ARSA with Down syndrome is approximately 20%, and this marker may contribute to counseling on Down syndrome during the second trimester and maybe in the first trimester. When ARSA is found, recommendations include a detailed study of the fetal anatomy for other markers of aneuploidy and to obtain a fetal echocardiogram. Invasive studies will be limited to those situations where, in addition to ARSA, other markers or other conditions that increase the risk of Down syndrome are found. However, the finding of an isolated ARSA increases the risk to zero and is considered a normal variant.

Unique Five Vessel Pattern Of Human Aortic Arch: A Case Report

We report here a unique vascular pattern of left sided aortic arch, detected incidentally in a 55 year old female,who underwent CECT chest for symptom of chronic cough. There were five vessels arising from the convex aspectof the arch with sequence as right common carotid artery (RCCA), left common carotid artery (LCCA), left vertebralartery (LVA), left subclavian artery (LSA) and aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA).

Aberrant right subclavian artery (arteria lusoria) aneurysm with a Kommerell's diverticulum / Aneurisma de artéria subclávia direita aberrante (artéria lusória) com divertículo de Kommerell

The treatment options for aberrant right subclavian artery vary depending on the presence of Kommerell's diverticulum. Because there is a tendency not to report mortalities of these rare cases in the literature, it is hard to reach a conclusion on treatments from the limited data on post-interventional results in these patients. We report our experience with a 67-year old patient with an aberrant right subclavian aneurysm with Kommerell's diverticulum, diagnosed by chance

As opções de tratamento para artéria subclávia direita aberrante variam dependendo da presença de divertículo de Kommerell. Como há uma tendência a não relatar mortalidade nos raros casos descritos na literatura, é difícil chegar a uma conclusão sobre tratamentos tendo em vista os dados limitados sobre resultados pós-intervenção nesses pacientes. Relatamos aqui nossa experiência com um paciente de 67 anos de idade com aneurisma de artéria subclávia aberrante direita com divertículo de Kommerell diagnosticado ao acaso

Total Arch Replacement with Open Stent Grafting for Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery in Two Cases / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

We report two cases of total arch replacement with open stent graft for the aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA). Case 1 was a thoracic artery aneurysm with an ARSA. We thought it would be difficult to perform in-situ reconstruction of ARSA via median sternotomy, so we performed total arch replacement with the open stent-grafting technique. Therefore the right axillary artery was reconstructed by extra-anatomical bypass and coil embolization of the ARSA proximal to the vertebral artery to achieve complete thrombosis of the ARSA. The postoperative course was uneventful. Case 2 was a Stanford type A acute aortic dissection involving an ARSA with the entry located near the ARSA. Total arch replacement was performed using the open stent-grafting technique to close the entry site and origin of the ARSA. Then the right axillary artery was reconstructed by extra-anatomical bypass and coil embolization of the ARSA. The postoperative course was uneventful. The open stent-grafting technique might be an effective alternative management of thoracic aortic disease with ARSA.

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Combined with Total Arch Replacement for Severe Coronary Disease Complicated with Multiple Arch Vessel Stenosis / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

A 72-year-old man was referred to our hospital for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) due to asymptomatic severe coronary artery disease. A preoperative CT revealed 99% stenosis of the aberrant right subclavian artery, 90% stenosis at the origin of right common carotid artery, and 75% stenosis at the origin of the left subclavian artery. As he had high risk of a perioperative cerebral ischemic event for CABG, it was difficult to perform a carotid artery stent. We performed a total aortic arch replacement combined with CABG. The postoperative course was uneventful, and he was discharged on the 12th postoperative day.

Prenatal diagnosis of aberrant right subclavian artery in an unselected population

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) among unselected fetuses and to evaluate its association with chromosomal abnormalities and other congenital anomalies. METHODS: In all, 7,547 fetuses (gestational age, 20 to 34 weeks) were examined using routine antenatal sonography at our institution between April 2014 and September 2015. The right subclavian artery was assessed using grayscale and color Doppler ultrasonography in the transverse 3-vessel and tracheal view, and confirmed in the coronal plane. RESULTS: ARSA was found in 28 fetuses (0.4%). Further, 27 of these 28 fetuses were euploid (96.4%). Trisomy 18 was the only chromosomal anomaly (3.6%) found in the study sample. ARSA was an isolated finding in 23 of the 28 cases (82.1%). In the remaining three cases (10.7%), ARSA was accompanied with extracardiac anomalies. Other cardiac defects were present in three cases (10.7%). CONCLUSION: Isolated ARSA does not seem to be associated with a significantly increased risk of aneuploidy. However, the possibility of fetal karyotyping, which is a more invasive procedure, should be discussed in the light of the overall risk of the fetus.

Open Stent Grafting for Stanford Type A Acute Aortic Dissection Originating from an Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

<p>An aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) is a relatively rare congenital anomaly of arch branches, occurring in 0.5-2.0% of the population. Stanford type A acute aortic dissection involving an ARSA is rare, and is associated with difficult surgical planning in an emergency situation. We report a case of Stanford type A acute aortic dissection originating from an ARSA in a 50-year-old man. He was referred to our hospital with a chief complaint of chest and back pain. Contrast enhanced CT scan revealed type A aortic dissection involving an ARSA, with the entry located near the ARSA. Given the possible difficulty of performing distal anastomosis over the ARSA and ARSA reconstruction, total arch replacement was performed using the open stent-grafting technique. The postoperative course was uneventful, and a CT scan revealed a thrombosed false lumen and ARSA. The false lumen of the aorta next to the stent graft eventually disappeared at 1 year postoperatively. The open stent-grafting technique might be an effective alternative in the management of Stanford type A acute aortic dissection with ARSA.</p>

Aberrant right subclavian artery-esophageal fistula: massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage secondary to prolonged intubation / Fístula de artéria subclávia direita anômala com esôfago - hemorragia digestiva alta maciça secundária a intubação gástrica prolongada

ABSTRACT Aberrant right subclavian artery-esophageal fistula is a rare but potentially fatal complication. It may be associated with procedures, such as tracheostomy and tracheal or esophageal intubation, and yields massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding difficult to identify and to control. A high index of suspicion is essential for early diagnosis and better prognosis. We report a rare case of a patient who survived after emergent surgical procedure for massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to aberrant right subclavian artery-esophageal fistula after prolonged intubation.

RESUMO A fístula de artéria subclávia direita anômala com o esôfago é uma complicação rara, mas potencialmente fatal. Pode estar associada a procedimentos como traqueostomia e intubação traqueal ou esofágica e originar hemorragia digestiva alta maciça, de difícil identificação e controle. Um elevado índice de suspeição é essencial para o diagnóstico precoce e a melhoria do prognóstico. Relatamos caso raro de doente que sobreviveu após intervenção cirúrgica emergente por hemorragia digestiva alta maciça secundária a fístula de artéria subclávia direita anômala com esôfago, após intubação gástrica prolongada.

Dysphagia Lusoria: A Case Report

Aberrant right subclavian artery is a rare cause of dysphagia. This is a congenital anomaly with the right subclavian artery originating from the dorsal part of the aortic arch and coursing through the mediastinum between the esophagus and the vertebral column. We report a case of a patient with chronic dysphagia caused by this condition. We further discuss the case with regards to its clinical features and options of management.

A Patient with an Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery Who Underwent Endovascular Aortic Repair for Stanford Type B Acute Aortic Dissection / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

<p>Case : A 75-year-old man was brought to our hospital by ambulance with dorsal pain. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed acute communicating aortic dissection (Stanford type B) complicated by an aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSCA). Under a diagnosis of type B dissection, conservative treatment by hypotensive therapy and resting was performed. One month after onset, contrast-enhanced CT showed the expansion of the false lumen, and intermittent abdominal pain persisted. To close the entry of the distal arch and reconstruct the ARSCA route, right common carotid artery-right axillary artery bypass, thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR), and coil embolization of the ARSCA were performed. Five days after surgery, contrast-enhanced CT revealed the expansion of a false abdominal lumen. Abdominal endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) was additionally conducted, leading to the disappearance of false lumen blood flow. ARSCA is a congenital arch vessel abnormality. It may cause obstruction of the esophagus/trachea, aortic aneurysm/dissection of an adjacent area, or aneurysmal changes/rupture of the ARSCA. Various techniques have been reported ; reconstruction of the ARSCA route and closure of the false lumen by de-branch TEVAR may be effective for acute communicating aortic dissection with an ARSCA.</p>

Selective use of superficial temporal artery cannulation in infants undergoing cardiac surgery.

Arterial cannulation is routinely performed in children undergoing cardiac surgery to aid the intraoperative and intensive care management. Most commonly cannulated peripheral site in children is radial artery, and alternatives include posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis, and rarely superficial temporal artery (STA). Two specific situations in cardiac surgery where STA cannulation and monitoring was useful during the surgical procedure are reported. To our knowledge, such selective use of STA pressure monitoring has not been reported in the literature previously. Our experience suggests that STA monitoring can be useful and reliable during repair of coarctation of aorta or administration of anterograde cerebral perfusion in patients having associated aberrant origin of the right subclavian artery.

A Chronic Aortic Dissection with Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery and Kommerell's Diverticulum / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

A 65-year-old woman suffered from left-side paralysis and dysarthria after sudden chest pain, and we diagnosed cerebral infarction caused by type A acute aortic dissection in the Stanford classification. At that time, the aberrant right subclavian artery with Kommerell's diverticulum was found on enhanced computed tomography. The acute aortic dissection with closed false lumen was treated conservatively. Because the ulcer-like projection (ULP) expanded during the course, we performed surgery. Ascending aorta and arch replacement, patch closure of Kommerell's diverticulum and reconstruction of right subclavian artery were performed simultaneously. The postoperative course was good.

Arteria subclavia derecha aberrante en niños examinados en el Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez (1992-2012) / Aberrant right subclavian artery in children examined at the National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chavez (1992-2012)

Objetivos: Dentro de las malformaciones vasculares de las arterias en el tórax encontramos: 1) doble arco aórtico; 2) arco aórtico derecho y conducto arterioso izquierdo persistente; 3) arteria subclavia derecha aberrante; 4) arteria pulmonar izquierda aberrante, y 5) arteria innominada anómala. Se revisan los pacientes con arteria subclavia derecha aberrante y su manejo. Métodos: Se estudiaron en forma retrospectiva los expedientes de 29 pacientes en edad pediátrica, de enero de 1992 a diciembre 2012, con las siguientes variables: edad de inicio de los síntomas, manifestaciones clínicas, defectos cardiovasculares, método diagnóstico y abordaje quirúrgico. Resultados: El mayor número de pacientes cursó de forma asintomática, únicamente el 31% lo hizo con síntomas durante el primer año de vida, y se llevó a cabo el diagnóstico en un 35% mediante cateterismo. Fue la persistencia del conducto arterioso la cardiopatía más frecuente, con un 13%; el síndrome de Down se encontró en un 21% de los pacientes. El tratamiento más utilizado fue la sección de la arteria subclavia aberrante para la liberación del esófago. Conclusiones: Es importante la sospecha diagnóstica en pacientes con sintomatología durante la alimentación, con trastornos de la deglución con sólidos y, en algunos casos, con disfagia o hasta con dificultad respiratoria. Un número significativo de estos pacientes no son diagnosticados oportunamente, algunos alcanzan la edad adulta sin diagnóstico. El hallazgo de esta malformación ocurre durante los estudios de imagen, cuando se evalúa la aorta o en el estudio del reflujo gastroesofágico, ya que con el trago de bario se aprecia la compresión extrínseca del esófago.

Objectives: Congenital vascular malformations of the major arteries in the chest have been classified into 5 groups: 1) double aortic arch; 2) right aortic arch with left ligament or persistent ductus arteriosus; 3) aberrant subclavian artery; 4) aberrant left pulmonary artery, and 5) anomalous innominate artery. We reviewed the patients with aberrant right subclavian artery and their treatment. Methods: We studied retrospectively the records of 29 patients with aberrant right subclavian artery in childhood, from January 1992 to December 2012, analyzing the following variables: age at onset, clinical manifestations, associated cardiovascular defects, diagnosis and surgical approach method. Results: We found that most patients have an asymptomatic course, only 31% of them course with symptoms during the first year of life, with an incidental diagnosis of 35% during catheterization or other imaging studies. Patent ductus arteriosus was the most frequently associated congenital malformation, with 13%. Down's syndrome was found in 21%. The most common treatment was surgical section of the aberrant subclavian artery to release the esophagus. Conclusions: This vascular abnormality must be suspected in those patients with dysphagia, dyspnea, chest pain during feeding or breathing difficulties. A significant number of patients are not diagnosed in time, some reach adulthood without a diagnosis. This malformation is often found in imaging studies when evaluating the aorta or in a gastroesophageal reflux study, in which the barium bolus reveals the extrinsic compression of the esophagus.

Prenatal diagnosis of aberrant right subclavian artery by fetal echocardiography / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical value and prenatal diagnosis feasibility of fetal aberrant right subclavian artery(ARSA) with fetal echocardiography.Methods The data of 39 fetuses with ARSA were retrospectively reviewed.The prenatal and postnatal medical records,including the presence of fetal abnormalities,cardiac defect,karyotype and the outcomes of each pregnancy were collected.Results The echocardiographic feature of ARSA was that an ARSA arises as a fourth branch of the arch,from the descending aorta behind the trachea,crosses the thorax between the trachea and the spine,to reach the right arm.The overall incidence of ARSA was 2.3 ％ (39/17 280),23 cases (59.0 ％) as an isolated malformation,16 cases (41.0％) combined with cardiac defect and extracardiac abnormalities,9 cases (23.1％) with chromosomal abnormalities.23 cases underwent termination of pregnancy,2 cases died in uterus and 14 cases were born live.Isolated ARSA group had lower incidence of chromosomal abnormalities (8.7％ vs 43.8 ％,P ＜ 0.05) and higher fetal survival rate (56.5％ vs 6.2％,P ＜0.05) than the combined detects group.Conclusions The fetus with ARSA complicated with aneuploid karyotype,cardiac defects and extracardiac anomalies are at hight risk of poor prognosis.

A Case of Endovascular Repair of Iatrogenic Arterial Injury with an Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

A 61-year-old man underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for the right coronary artery. However, he had an acute onset of right neck pain and swelling after PCI. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed extravasation into the mediastinum and aberrant right subclavian artery. After transfer to our hospital, we performed emergency endovascular repair for iatrogenic arterial injury. His postoperative course was uneventful.

Simultaneous occurrence of three anatomical variations: anomalous right subclavian artery, non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve and right thoracic duct / Ocurrencia simultánea de tres variaciones anatómicas: arteria subclavia derecha anómala, nervio laríngeo inferior no recurrente y conducto torácico derecho

In one male cadaver of Colombian nationality, dissected by a group of medical students during a gross anatomy course at the Universidad del Valle in Cali, Colombia, three anatomical variations were found: an anomalous or aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA), a non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve and a right thoracic duct. The aortic arch gave origin to four instead of three arteries, which, from right to left, were the right common carotid, the left common carotid, the left subclavian and the right subclavian arteries. The anatomical variation of the right subclavian artery is known also as lusoria artery, in which case the artery passes behind the esophagus and the trachea in its course towards the right side of the neck. The perimeters of the aortic arch and of the lusoria artery were measured in different sites; those of the lusoria artery gradually reduced during the course of the artery towards the right side of the neck. The non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve originated at a right angle from the right vagus nerve, at the level of the thyroid gland. The nerve described a horizontal course in its way towards the larynx, passing behind the right lobe of the gland, in close relation with the branches of the inferior thyroid artery. Of the three possible variations in the course of the non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve, the one found corresponds to the horizontal course or type II. The course of the thoracic duct in the thorax was normal, situated behind the esophagus, between the azygos vein and the thoracic aorta, but it gradually deviated towards the right side of the neck to end in the internal jugular vein. Out of the extensive databases that were consulted, only one report was found of these three simultaneous variations.

En un cadáver de nacionalidad colombiana, disecado por un grupo de estudiantes de medicina durante un curso de anatomía macroscópica en la Universidad del Valle de Cali, Colombia, tres variaciones anatómicas fueron encontradas: una arteria subclavia derecha anómala o aberrante (ARSA), un nervio laríngeo inferior no recurrente y un conducto torácico derecho. Del arco o cayado aórtico emergían cuatro en lugar de tres arterias, las cuales de derecha a izquierda eran las arterias carótida común derecha, carótida común izquierda, subclavia izquierda y subclavia derecha. Esta variación anatómica de la subclavia se conoce también como arteria lusoria, en cuyo caso la arteria pasa por detrás del esófago y de la tráquea en su curso hacia el lado derecho del cuello. Los perímetros del arco aórtico y de la arteria lusoria fueron medidos en diferentes sitios; los de la arteria lusoria fueron disminuyendo gradualmente en el curso de la arteria hacia el lado derecho del cuello. El nervio laríngeo inferior no recurrente se originaba en un ángulo recto del nervio vago derecho, a la altura de la glándula tiroidea. El nervio siguió un curso horizontal en dirección a la laringe, pasando por detrás del lobo derecho de la glándula, en estrecha relación con las ramas de la arteria tiroidea inferior. De los tres tipos de variación posibles en el curso del nervio laríngeo inferior no recurrente, el encontrado corresponde a la del curso horizontal o tipo II. El curso del conducto torácico en el tórax fue normal, situado por detrás del esófago, entre la vena ácigos y la aorta torácica, pero gradualmente se fue desviando hacia el lado derecho del cuello para desembocar en la vena yugular interna. En las extensas bases de datos consultadas solo se encontró un reporte de estas tres variaciones simultáneas.